GRID Compass 1101, is the first laptop computer ever made was designed in 1979 by Bill Moggridge, a British industrial designer. Sold for $ 8,150, it's definitely not a computer for everyone. Target users are businessmen and government officials. It is also used by the US Army in the field and at the NASA Space shuttles during the 90s era. Weight 5kg (11 pounds) komputermenampilkan electroluminescent 320 × 200px, ELD screen, an Intel 8086 processor, 340kb magnetic bubble memory and magnesium alloy case flat back. Floppy drives and hard drives can be connected to an external.
Although many are using the laptop, I'm sure there are a few who know about the history that began with Laptop Computer. Now the laptop comes with a variety of sizes, thin and measuring 8 "weighing less than 1kilogram. Here history;
Idea Computers
Before laptops introduced technique, the idea of a computer that is transferred has been proposed by Alan Kay. This can be seen in the Dynabook concept developed by Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Centre) in the early 1970s. This concept is the development of a prototype Alto were also made by Xerox PARC.
The first portable computer which is commercially marketed Osborne 1, which was developed in 1981. This computer is the first computer that can be taken anywhere even when using it we have to connect it to the power house. With a thin CRT screen size of 5 "and weighs 23.5 pounds (12 kg), the computer is using the CP / M operating system and is equipped with a 4 MHz Z80 CPU, main memory 65 kilobytes, and floppy disk drives.
Compaq
In 1983 Compaq issued its first product which is also quite successful, the Compaq Portable. This product is an IBM clone computer, because at that time IBM is a standard program for all computers. This computer is more portable than the Osborne 1 because it is lighter. The same operating system used with the Osborne 1, the CP / M OS. Besides this computer also runs MS-DOS program.
Epson
Other computers were also issued this year was the Epson HX-20. This product actually began to be developed in 1981, but the new launch held in 1983. The computer that fall into the category of handheld computer uses a full keyboard with 68 keys, batteries nickel cadmium (NiCd) rechargeable, dot-matrix LCD display with a resolution 120 x 32 pixels. The screen is capable of displaying 4 lines with each line containing 20 characters. There is also the Ms-BASIC and RAM of 16 kibibyte which can be enlarged to 32 kibibyte.
The existence of a laptop which can arguably began with the launch of the GRID Compass 1101 in April 1982. This computer designed by Bill Moggridge of British Industrial in 1979. The materials used to make it is a mixture of magnesium by taking the model shell (Clamshell). With this model the computer can be closed with the screen position is above and to deal with keyboard.
This laptop uses an Intel 8086, electroluminescent display (CGA) with a resolution of 320 x 200 pixels, and bubble memory of 384 kilobytes. It also uses a modem with a speed of 1200 bits per second. Hardrive and floppy disks associated with the use of 488 I / O (known as GPIB = General Purpose Instrumental Bus). The operating system used is GRID-OS.
Computer issued by GRID System Corp. This, during the 1980s used by NASA and the US army. In 1988 GRIDD System Corp. taken over by Tandy Corporation (RadioShack).
In 1983 the newly issued new computers sold around 1984, the Sharp PC-500 and the Gavilan SC. Gavilan was the first portable computer that uses the name 'laptop'. Both computers use the same model with the GRID Compass, ie shell models. In addition they also use the LCD screen and can be connected with an optional printer.
Bestselling
In 1983 also launched a computer capable of performing the most sales for the first time in the history of the laptop, the Kyocera Kyotronic 85. These laptops are quickly licensed by Tandy Corporation, Olivetti, and NEC. They see this computer has a great potential for success as well as the TRS-80 Model 100 (or Tandy 100), Olivetti M-10, NEC PC-8201.
This machine is operated by using standard AA batteries. Tandy complete with BASIC program, a text editor and terminal program, provided by Microsoft and written directly by Bill Gates. Besides applied also tiltable LCD screen with 8 x 40 characters and internal modem.
In terms of ease of carry it, battery life and usage time, and the price is cheap, the computer is becoming a favorite among journalists. Weight of the laptop is no more than 2 kg, with dimensions of 30 x 21.5 x 4.5 cm (12 "x 8.5" x 1.75 "). In addition, this laptop uses 8 KiB of RAM that can be raised to 24 KiB, and 3 MHz processor.
IBM
On 3 April 1986 IBM launched the first laptop with a commercial purpose, namely the IBM PC Convertible. This laptop is equipped with a 3.5 "floppy disk drive which is a standard device. The processor used is an Intel 80c88, which is a CMOS version of the Intel 8088, which operates at 4.77 MHz. In it there is also a $ 256 KiB RAM expandable to 512 KiB. With LCD display and weighs 13 pounds, the computer is equipped with a handle that makes it easier to carry. This laptop uses a battery as its power source.
Paa 1987 Toshiba launched two products at once, the T1000 and T1200. Although limited to only using the DOS operating system stored in ROM, two models from Toshiba has a shape that is very small and light so that the load to be carried in a backpack. It also uses lead-acid batteries.
In 1987 the US Air Force to offer a contract to make laptops in large numbers, reaching 200,000 units. Competition for this contract occurs among large laptop industry, such as IBM, Toshiba, Compaq, NEC, and Zenith Data Systems (ZDS).
ZDS who previously had won an agreement with the IRS with its Z-171, eventually won the contract with its products, supersport. Supersport is equipped with an Intel 8086 processor, dual floppy disk drive, backlit, LCD display STN blue and white, and NiCd batteries. For further processor used is an Intel 80286 with a 20 MB hard drive. This makes the ZDS became the largest laptop supplier for the period 1987-1988.
To fulfill this contract, ZDS cooperation with Tottori Sanyo to provide it. This is the first cooperation between a famous brand with OEM (Original Equipment Manufacture) from Asia. Furthermore, many well-known computer manufacturers who do the same work with OEMs from Asia, like Compaq and Citizen. It also resulted in the growing OEM in Asia, like Chicon, Acer, Quanta, Compal, Twinhead, Sanyo, Tottori Sanyo, Citizen, and Casio.
In 1988 launched by Cambridge Cambridge Computer Z88. This computer was designed by Sir Clive Sinclair, the form of A4 paper. This computer is using power from a standard battery and is equipped with a basic spreadsheet, word processor, as well as programs for communication. This laptop is the forerunner of the manufacture of PDA.
NEC and Apple Computer
In 1989 two different companies, NEC and Apple Computer, laptop launched respectively, namely NEC Ultralit and Apple Macintosh Portable. Nec Ultralit launched in mid 1989. This laptop is probably the first notebook manufactured by NEC. This laptop has a weight of not less than 2 kg. On these computers contained in it has a hard drive and RAM of 2 mebibyte.
Macintosh Portable was launched by Apple Computer has a clear active matrix display and a battery that can survive in the long term. Unfortunately, with these conditions, sales of Mac Portable relatively ugly. This is due to the shape of the Mac Portable is less attractive.
Series laptop Apple Computer, Apple Power Books, was launched in 1991. This is the de facto standard laptop that persisted until now. This is seen in the placement of the keyboard, the availability of the palm rest, and trackball. Power Series Books subsequent to the first time using the display with 256 colors (Power Books 165c output in 1993), touchpad, and a voice recorder 16-bit. There are also Ethernet Network Adapter (Power Books 500 series output in 1994).
The spring of 1995 was a significant turning point in the history of notebook computers. In August 1995, Miocrosoft introduced Windows 95. It is the first time Microsoft have full control on the management operating system (operating system). Windows 95 is suitable for application on an Intel Pentium processor and in accordance with the existing ROM on notebooks.
